PV SYSTEM COMPONENTS-PV SYSTEM

Raja Noman 05:21

COMPONENTS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM, PV SYSTEM

PV SYSTEM COMPONENTS-PV SYSTEM

PV SYSTEM COMPONENTS

The solar panel system must be designed by using mono / polycrystalline silicon panels and photovoltaic cells through a thin layer, or with another higher-efficiency advanced technology.
In addition, the following machinery is being used in solar PV network.

  1. Modules for Photovoltaic panels (PV).
  2. Inverter
  3. Controller For Charging
  4. Battery  For System
  5. Cables for AC as well as DC
  6. Mounting for Solar System
  7. Product / Earthing devices
  8. Protective devices and tools
  9. Boxes or combiners for attachment
Some of these components of the PV system are described below.

Solar Panels Modules (PV)

The solar panel/module (s) generates electricity from DC for the battery charging by a solar power system. Each DC unit attached to a battery must be fused. Usually, the Direct Current lights are attached to the load switch. Each AC unit is driven directly to the battery via an inverter directly in PV System.

NOTE:Solar array-tie and separate network inverters are specific and must not be substituted.

Types of Solar Cells/Panels

COMPONENTS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM, PV SYSTEM

The solar panels can also be classified as follows

  1. Monocrystalline Type
  2. Polycrystalline Type 
  3. Amorphous Thin-Film Type
Comparison of Different Types of  Solar Cells/Panels

Mono-Si Panels 


  • With maximum efficiency. 21 per cent production.
  • Made of single pure silicon crystal.
  • Normal temperature efficiency is optimal.
  • Needs less of a power field.
  • High Si, therefore, high incarnated strength.
  • In minimal-sunlight settings, efficiency degrades.
  • Cost: USD 1.589.
  • Sunpower (United States) 1/25/2013 Largest Maker.

Poly-Si Panels 


  • More effective at 16% (max.) Performance.
  • Produced by the fusion of various Si crystals.
  • Output highest at degree moderately high.
  • Needs fewer region of control for that particular power. 
  • A major amount Si thus, high intensity Embodied.
  • In minimal-sunlight settings, efficiency degrades.
  • $1,418 Price
  • Suntech (China) 

Thin Film Panels 


  • Lowest efficiency with maximum efficiency. 12 per cent production.
  • Made with 1 or even more sheets of PV content accumulated on the substratum.
  • The high-temperature efficiency highest.
  • Needs a large volume of electricity for that capacity.
  • Low Si, therefore, low incarnated strength.
  • Low-sunlight levels affect performance less.
  • 0.67 USD Price
  • First Solar (USA) 


We each have their own benefits and inconveniences. Depending on our specifications and expectations we will use all of them. We must use polycrystalline. The distinction of a small-Film solar array is monocrystalline, amorphous and polycrystalline.

Charge Controllers

In PV System for measure the value of current to be provided or removed from in the battery, a charging device will be used. A battery-protective charging mechanism is intended to ensure a longer working existence without reducing the efficiency of the system. Batteries shouldn't be overcharged, as well as the battery has not been overcharged by the charger feature.
COMPONENTS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM, PV SYSTEM

Load controls are intended to work as follows:

  1. Protected the battery against over-discharge (LVD) that disengages the batteries from either the charge once the battery exceeds this certain discharged size. Protects itself from over-discharge.
  2. Protect your battery from unnecessarily charged voltage-important for sealed batteries-by reducing the charging voltage-it is usually called High Voltage Disconnection (HVD).
  3. Prevent a reversal current that flows back to the solar array at night.

Inverter

For moving DC tension to AC pressure, inverters can be used. For a smaller power of about 100 W that volt is 12 through 24 Volt and 48 Volt or even better for greater powers. It alson depends on both the inverter capacity. Almost all latest Alternating current systems are operated and run at 240 voltage.
COMPONENTS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM, PV SYSTEM

The function of Inverters In PV System:

DC electricity is really the energy produced by the solar array. We must first transform into DC in order to use this for equipment. We utilize inverters for such a reason. While using dual switches, an inverter transforms DC into AC, converting the positive just DC input into an alternate positive and negative AC energy. The 12 Volt DC power is turned into 120 Volt AC power to drive with computers.

Advantages

  1. Great performance and power selection in a compact, modular design.
  2. Facility to mount that will save money and resources.
  3. Around 95% effective main as well as micro-inverters.

Battery System

Then we need batteries to store energy to be used when there is no sunlight(night). For this, we can many kinds of batteries.

Considerations while choosing a battery for this system

  1. Power and capability
  2. Depth of discharge (DoD)
  3. Efficiency
  4. Battery life

1.Power and capability.

The total energy ability expressed in kW-hours (kWh) which is capable of being generated by a solar battery. Many rooftop solar batteries are built for "stackability," and you can use the sun-plus-storage system for adding extra power to several batteries.

2.Depth of discharge (DoD).

Thanks to its chemical makeup, most sun batteries have to hold some energy at all periods. If you're using 100% of the charge of the cell, the useful life is greatly reduced.

The battery's discharge depth (DoD) means the value of capacity of the battery used. To optimum performance, most manufacturers recommend a fixed DD. When a battery will have a DD of Ninety % of 10 kWh, for example, the battery should be powered at no more than 9 kWh before it is charged. In fact, a higher DD means that you can use more power for your tank.

3. Efficiency.


The capacity of a battery refers to the electricity that is used to carry this as a proportion of both the energy needed.

4.Battery life & warranty.

The most important factor in deciding the battery for our system is battery life and its warranty. We have to decide the particular battery depending upon the life and cost of that battery.

JUNCTION BOX

To combine different solar panels for more load we use junction box. We can use parallel or series depending upon the condition. You can for example, directly wire that output from each table to interfaces within the box of combinations as you wire 212 Volt modules together with the Twelve Volt network. Instead, the next device part, the charging power, will run from either the box of combiner only a positive as well as a negative cable (inappropriate conduit).
COMPONENTS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM, PV SYSTEM


MOUNTING SYSTEM

Among the most critical elements of Photovoltaic energy production is the panel mounting system. Quality and lifespan of the photovoltaic networks are directly linked to their advantages. There are mounting stands on the market which are of great importance so we should buy the good quality so that we are not going to change it for at least 25 years. Mounting apparatus should be able to change tilt angle according to our demand nut it should not change its angle itself.

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